Progranulin Facilitates Conversion and Function of Regulatory T Cells under Inflammatory Conditions

Progranulin Facilitates Conversion and Function of Regulatory T Cells under Inflammatory Conditions

The progranulin (PGRN) is known to protect regulatory T cells (Tregs) from a negative regulation by TNF-α, and its levels are elevated in various kinds of autoimmune diseases. Whether PGRN directly regulates the conversion of CD4+CD25-T cells into Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (iTreg), and whether PGRN affects the immunosuppressive function of Tregs, however, remain unknown. In this study...

Human endothelial cells generate Th17 and regulatory T cells under inflammatory conditions.

Organ transplantation represents a unique therapeutic option for irreparable organ dysfunction and rejection of transplants results from a breakdown in operational tolerance. Although endothelial cells (ECs) are the first target in graft rejection following kidney transplantation, their capacity to alloactivate and generate particular T lymphocyte subsets that could intervene in this process re...

Altered Suppressor Function of Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease targeting the insulin-producing β cells within pancreatic islets. Autoimmune diseases may develop as a consequence of altered balance between regulatory (Tregs) and autoreactive T cells. Objectives: To evaluate Treg cells frequency and suppressive function in the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed T1D patients in compari...

Acquisition of T regulatory function in cathepsin L-inhibited T cells by eye-derived CTLA-2alpha during inflammatory conditions.

Pigment epithelium isolated from the eye possesses immunosuppressive properties such as regulatory T (Treg) cell induction; e.g., cultured retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) converts CD4(+) T cells into Treg cells in vitro. RPE constitutively expresses a novel immunosuppressive factor, CTLA-2alpha, which is a cathepsin L (CathL) inhibitor, and this molecule acts via RPE to induce Treg cells. To c...

Acquisition of T Regulatory Function in Cathepsin L-Inhibited T Cells by Eye-Derived CTLA-2 during Inflammatory Conditions